COSTA RICA LEADS CALL AT THE UNITED NATIONS TO INCREASE PROTECTION FOR SHARKS
Shark Coalition Logo
(San Jose, Costa Rica – March 9, 2009) – Members of the Shark Coalition, represented by experts of the Humane Society International (HSI), participated in a meeting of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) Committee on Fisheries (COFI) last week (March 2-6) in Rome, Italy, where Costa Rica led the call for a global “fins-attached” shark conservation strategy. Joined by 10 other Latin American countries, Costa Rica formally requested a U.N. workshop to address the barbaric and wasteful practice of shark finning.
Each year, around the world, tens of millions of sharks are hauled up on deck, where their fins and tails are sliced off and the (often still-living) sharks are then thrown back overboard to die a lingering and painful death. The reason for this shameful waste is the demand for shark fin soup. The effect has been the devastation of shark populations worldwide. Some shark populations have declined by more than 90 percent in the past 20 years. Some may never recover.
“Costa Rica has got it right”, says Patricia Forkan, president of Humane Society International, which has worked extensively on the issue of shark finning. “The Costa Rican proposal promotes the idea that sharks should be landed with fins partially or wholly attached to the carcasses, a practice that is required by law in Costa Rica and is the most simple and sure way to prevent shark finning.”
The FAO was the first multilateral body to address the problem of shark finning. However, the agreement that suggests a prohibition on finning is voluntary and open to interpretation, with the result that the FAO has achieved little in the way of shark protection to date. Sharks are in serious trouble. Strong finning bans combined with limits or bans on shark fishing must be implemented fully around the world to curb the rapid decline of shark populations.
“Due to the highly migratory nature of sharks, the regulation must be regional and global to be effective”, informed Randall Arauz, Coordinator of the Shark Coalition and President of the Costa Rican organization PRETOMA. “A U.N. workshop addressing the issue could help promote this policy in the European Union and in Regional Fisheries Management Organizations where shark finning is an issue”, said Arauz with optimism.
Facts:
• Recent studies in the Northwest Atlantic have shown steep declines in shark populations, particularly among highly migratory species. Since 1986, hammerheads have declined by 89 percent, thresher sharks by 80 percent, white sharks by 79 percent and tiger sharks by 65 percent. All recorded shark species in the region, with one exception, have declined by more than 50 percent in the past eight to 15 years. It is highly likely that similar results will be seen across the world’s oceans.
• In the Costa Rican Exclusive Economic Zone, shark relative abundance declined 60% from 1991 to 2001.
• Reported global trade in shark fins increased from 3,011 metric tons in 1980 to 11,732 metric tons in 2000. Much of the trade is unreported because many fins do not pass through normal landing channels and because most of the fin trade is conducted in cash to avoid tax and duties.
• Research in Hong Kong found that dried fins sold for as much as $744 per kilogram in 2002. In 2003 dried shark fins in China retailed for $200 – 300 (per kilogram).
• Shark fin soup can cost up to $150 per serving in Hong Kong, but there are worrying signs of a new market opening up for lower-quality fins, allowing millions more people to buy products such as shark fin sushi, shark fin cookies, shark fin cat food and canned shark fin soup.
• Shark fin consists of collagen fiber and has no taste. Flavor is added to the soup by the addition of chicken or fish stock.
• Unlike other fish, sharks take many years to mature, they have long gestation periods and they give birth to live young – or they lay eggs – in very small numbers. In some cases of severe overfishing, recovery of the stock, if possible at all, will take decades. The ”boom and bust“ pattern of shark fisheries has been repeated all over the world wherever sharks have been targeted.
The Shark Coalition is a network of 12 non-governmental organizations of the United States and Latin America, that works to protect global shark populations (www.coaliciontiburones.org).
For more information:
Andy Bystrom
Director de Comunicaciones
Pretoma
andy@pretoma.org
(506) 2241 5227
Miguel Gómez
Coalición Tiburones
miguel@pretoma.orgCOSTA RICA LIDERA LLAMADO EN LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA UNA MAYOR PROTECCIÓN A LOS TIBURONES
Logo: Coalición por los Tiburones
(San José, Costa Rica – 9 de Marzo, 2009). Miembros de la Coalición Por los Tiburones, representados por expertos de Humane Society International (HSI), participaron la semana pasada en una reunión del Comité de Pesquerías de la Organización de Alimentos y Agricultura (FAO, por sus siglas en inglés) de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), en Roma, Italia, donde Costa Rica lideró un llamado por una estrategia global de conservación de tiburones, que consiste en exigir la descarga de los tiburones con las “aletas adheridas”. Junto con otros diez países latinoamericanos, Costa Rica solicitó formalmente a la ONU que se realice un taller para que se pronuncie con respecto a la cruel y derrochadora práctica del aleteo de tiburón.
Cada año alrededor del mundo, decenas de millones de tiburones son capturados y subidos a la cubierta de embarcaciones pesqueras, donde sus aletas y colas son cercenadas, para luego ser arrojados (muchas veces mientras aún están con vida) por la borda, donde sufren una muerte lenta y dolorosa. La razón de este vergonzoso desperdicio es la demanda de sopa de aleta de tiburón. El resultado ha sido la devastación de las poblaciones de tiburones alrededor del mundo. Algunas poblaciones de tiburones se han deteriorado hasta en un 90% en los últimos veinte años. Algunas quizás nunca se recuperen.
“Costa Rica está en lo correcto,” afirma Patricia Forkan, Presidente de Humane Society International, organización que ha trabajado extensamente en el tema del aleteo de tiburón. “La propuesta Costarricense promueve la idea de que los tiburones deben ser descargados con sus aletas parcial o totalmente adheridas a sus cuerpos, una práctica que es requerida por ley en Costa Rica y que es la manera más simple de evitar el aleteo.”
La FAO fue el primer órgano multilateral en referirse al problema del aleteo de tiburón. Sin embargo, el acuerdo que propone una prohibición al aleteo es voluntario y abierto a interpretaciones, por lo que hasta la fecha es poco lo que la FAO ha logrado en lo que concierne la protección de los tiburones. Los tiburones están en serios problemas. Prohibiciones fuertes contra el aleteo, combinadas con límites o prohibiciones a la pesca dirigida sobre los tiburones, deben ser implementadas plenamente alrededor del mundo para reducir el rápido deterioro de sus poblaciones.
“Debido a la naturaleza altamente migratoria de los tiburones, las regulaciones deben ser regionales y globales para ser efectivas”, informó Randall Arauz, Coordinador de la Coalición Por Los Tiburones y Presidente de la organización Costarricense Pretoma. “Un Taller de las Naciones Unidas que trate este tema podría asistir en la promoción de esta política en la Unión Europea y otras Organizaciones Regionales de Manejo Pesquero donde se discute actualmente la problemática del aleteo”, dijo Arauz con optimismo.
Notas:
• Estudios recientes en el Atlántico Noroeste han mostrado pronunciados descensos en las poblaciones de tiburones, particularmente entre las especies altamente migratorias. Desde 1986, el tiburón martillo se ha reducido en un 89 por ciento, el tiburón thresher o zorra en un 80 por ciento, el tiburón blanco en un 70 por ciento, y el tiburón tigre en un 65 por ciento. Salvo una excepción, todas las especies de tiburones monitoreadas en la región se han visto reducidos en más de un 50 por ciento durante los últimos 8 a 15 años. Es muy probable que resultados similares sean vistos a través de los océanos del mundo.
• En la Zona Económica Exclusiva de Costa Rica, la abundancia relativa de tiburones disminuyó 60% entre 1991 y el 2001.
• El comercio global reportado de aletas de tiburón aumentó de 3.011 toneladas métricas en 1980 a 11.732 toneladas métricas en el 2000. Mucho del comercio no es reportado porque muchas de las aletas no pasan a través de canales de desembarco normales y porque la mayoría del comercio de aletas es realizado en efectivo para evitar el pago de impuestos y tarifas.
• Investigaciones en Hong Kong encontraron que aletas de tiburón desecadas se vendían hasta por $ 744 (USD) por kilo en el 2002. En el 2003, el kilo de aletas de tiburón desecadas se vendía en China por entre $200 y $300 (USD) .
• La sopa de aleta de tiburón puede costar hasta $ 150 (USD) por plato en Hong Kong, pero hay señales alarmantes de un nuevo mercado incipiente de aletas de menor calidad, que le permitiría a millones más de personas comprar productos tales como sushi de aleta de tiburón, galletas de aleta de tiburón, comida para gato de aleta de tiburón y sopa enlatada de aleta de tiburón.
• Las aletas de tiburón consisten de fibra de colágeno y no tienen sabor alguno. El sabor es agregado a la sopa al añadirle caldo de pollo o pescado.
• A diferencia de otros peces, los tiburones necesitan muchos años para madurar, tienen largos periodos de gestación y tienen pocas crías (o ponen pocos huevos). En algunos casos de sobreexplotación pesquera severa, la recuperación de la población, de ser posible, tomará décadas. El patrón de “explosión y quiebra” de las pesquerías de tiburón se ha repetido alrededor del mundo dondequiera que los tiburones hayan sido el objetivo.
La Coalición por los Tiburones, es una red de doce organizaciones no gubernamentales de EEUU y Latinoamérica, que trabaja para proteger las poblaciones de tiburón alrededor del mundo (www.coaliciontiburones.org)
Para más información:
Andy Bystrom
Director de Comunicaciones
Pretoma
andy@pretoma.org
(506) 2241 5227
Miguel Gómez
Coalición Tiburones
miguel@pretoma.org
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